Vicarious responsibility means the responsibility of one person for the acts of another. Liability that a supervisory party such as an employer bears the conduct of a subordinate or associate such as an employee because of the relationship between the two parties. In brief, the legal principle of vicarious liability applies to hold one person liable for the actions of another when engaged in some form of joint or collective activit.

If the act committed by an accused appears to have been done independently without being influenced by the instigation of other accused, then the alleged instigator cannot be convicted and sentenced under the garb of section 34, the Penal Code, 1860. [Taj Bahadur alias. Taji vs. State 1997 MLD 1072]